厚德 (hòu dé) literally combines 厚 (hòu), meaning 'thick', 'deep', or 'abundant', and 德 (dé), meaning 'virtue', 'moral character', or 'integrity'. Together, the term conveys 'profound virtue' — a deep, enduring, and generous moral quality that reflects humility, benevolence, tolerance, and ethical strength. It is deeply rooted in Confucian and Daoist traditions, where virtue is not merely personal goodness but a foundational force that nurtures harmony in relationships and society.

The phrase often appears in classical texts, inscriptions, and formal contexts — such as university mottos (e.g., Peking University’s motto: 厚德载物, 'Profound virtue bears all things') — emphasizing moral cultivation as essential for leadership and responsibility. While not used in casual daily speech, 厚德 carries high register and respectful connotation, typically describing exemplary individuals, institutions, or ideals rather than ordinary behavior.