香水 (xiāng shuǐ) literally means 'fragrant water' — combining 香 (xiāng), meaning 'fragrant' or 'scented', and 水 (shuǐ), meaning 'water'. It refers to a liquid cosmetic product containing aromatic compounds, typically alcohol-based, worn on the skin or clothes to emit a pleasant scent. Unlike plain water or herbal infusions, perfume is specifically formulated for personal fragrance use and often associated with grooming, self-expression, and social impressions.

In Chinese-speaking cultures, 香水 is commonly purchased as a gift, used in daily routines before going out, or selected for special occasions like dates or formal events. Brands range from international luxury labels to affordable domestic options, and people often choose scents based on season, mood, or personality. Though historically less central in traditional Chinese hygiene practices than in Western ones, its usage has grown steadily with globalization and urban lifestyle changes.