折磨 (zhé mó) is a compound verb meaning 'to torment' or 'to torture'—both physically and psychologically. The first character 折 (zhé) originally means 'to break' or 'to bend', suggesting forceful, damaging pressure; the second character 磨 (mó) means 'to grind' or 'to wear down', evoking slow, persistent friction or irritation. Together, they vividly convey prolonged, exhausting suffering—not just acute pain, but sustained mental anguish, frustration, or physical strain.

This word is commonly used in emotional or psychological contexts: chronic illness, guilt, unrequited love, anxiety, or oppressive situations. It carries strong negative connotation and implies helplessness or endurance over time. While it can describe literal torture in serious contexts, everyday usage often refers to milder but persistent distress—like insomnia, nagging worries, or exhausting responsibilities. It's rarely used lightly and seldom appears in formal or neutral registers without emotional weight.