擦药 (cā yào) literally means 'to rub medicine' and refers to the act of applying ointment, cream, or topical medication to the skin—usually for treating cuts, burns, rashes, or insect bites. The character 擦 (cā) means 'to rub, wipe, or apply by rubbing', while 药 (yào) means 'medicine' or 'drug'. Together, they form a common verb phrase used in everyday health-related communication, especially when describing first-aid or routine care.

This term is frequently used in home settings, clinics, and by caregivers. It implies direct physical contact with the skin and gentle rubbing motion—not just placing medicine on the surface. While it most often refers to external applications like antibiotic ointments or anti-itch creams, it’s not used for oral medicines, injections, or pills. Parents commonly say this when treating children’s minor injuries, and doctors may instruct patients to '擦药 three times daily'.