自卑 (zì bēi) literally means 'self-low' — 自 (zì) means 'self', and 卑 (bēi) means 'low', 'humble', or 'inferior'. Together, they form a noun describing a persistent feeling of inadequacy, unworthiness, or being fundamentally lesser than others. It goes beyond temporary self-doubt and often reflects deep-seated beliefs about one’s abilities, appearance, social status, or worth.

This term is commonly used in psychological, educational, and everyday social contexts — for example, when discussing mental health, parenting, workplace dynamics, or adolescent development. While it shares roots with humility (谦逊 qiānxùn), 自卑 carries a negative connotation: it implies unhealthy self-devaluation rather than respectful modesty. It's frequently contrasted with 自信 (zìxìn, 'self-confidence') and is often addressed in counseling or self-improvement discussions in Chinese-speaking communities.