复习 (fù xí) means 'to review' — specifically, to go over previously learned material to reinforce understanding and memory. The character 复 (fù) carries meanings of 'again', 're-', or 'return', while 习 (xí) means 'to practice' or 'to study'. Together, they literally convey 'practicing again', emphasizing deliberate, repeated engagement with familiar content rather than initial learning. It’s commonly used in academic, professional, and self-study contexts — for example, reviewing notes before an exam, revisiting vocabulary after a language lesson, or refreshing skills before a certification.

This verb is almost always transitive and typically takes a noun phrase as its object (e.g., 复习功课, 复习语法). It implies intentionality and effort, distinguishing it from passive recall. Unlike the more general 学习 (to study), 复习 focuses on consolidation and retention, making it essential for long-term mastery. It’s neutral in register — appropriate in both spoken and written Chinese, from classroom instructions to personal study plans.