复兴 (fù xīng) literally combines 复 (fù), meaning 'again' or 'return', and 兴 (xīng), meaning 'to rise', 'to flourish', or 'prosper'. Together, they convey the idea of something regaining strength, vitality, or prominence after a period of decline or dormancy. It emphasizes a conscious, often collective effort toward renewal — not just spontaneous recovery, but intentional restoration.

This word is commonly used in formal or historical contexts: national revival (e.g., the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation), cultural revival (e.g., reviving traditional crafts or festivals), urban renewal (e.g., revitalizing old districts), or ecological restoration (e.g., bringing back endangered species habitats). While it can apply to individuals or institutions, it most frequently describes large-scale, socially significant recoveries — especially those tied to identity, heritage, or long-term progress.