Xuan paper (xuān zhǐ) is a high-quality, handmade paper traditionally produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province—historically part of the ancient Xuanzhou prefecture, which gives the paper its name. Made primarily from the bark of the blue sandalwood tree (Pteroceltis tatarinowii) and rice straw, it is prized for its exceptional absorbency, durability, and subtle texture, making it ideal for Chinese ink painting and calligraphy.

The character 宣 (xuān) refers to the historical region of Xuanzhou, while 纸 (zhǐ) simply means 'paper'. Together, they denote not just any paper, but this culturally significant, artisanal material with over 1,500 years of continuous production. Authentic Xuan paper is classified by age, thickness (e.g., sheng xuan 'raw' or shu xuan 'cooked'), and fiber ratio—and remains indispensable for traditional brushwork where ink gradation and bleeding control are essential.