‘参考’ (cān kǎo) literally combines ‘参’ (to consult, to involve) and ‘考’ (to examine, to investigate), together meaning ‘to refer to something for guidance or verification’. As a verb, it’s commonly used when consulting sources—such as books, websites, or advice—to inform a decision or action. It implies thoughtful consideration rather than passive copying.

As a noun, ‘参考’ means ‘a reference’ or ‘reference material’, often appearing in phrases like ‘参考资料’ (reference materials) or ‘仅供参考’ (for reference only). It’s neutral in register and widely used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts—e.g., checking a map before traveling, reviewing sample essays before writing, or citing data in a report. The word carries no strong emotional connotation and is appropriate in both formal and informal speech when seeking or providing informational support.