‘通史’ (tōng shǐ) literally means ‘comprehensive history’ — ‘通’ (tōng) conveys thoroughness, universality, or continuity across time and space, while ‘史’ (shǐ) means ‘history’ or ‘historical record’. Together, the term refers to a historical narrative that covers a broad chronological span — often from ancient times to the present — and integrates political, cultural, economic, and social developments into a unified account. Unlike specialized histories focusing on one dynasty, period, or theme, a 通史 aims for holistic understanding.

This word is commonly used in academic, educational, and publishing contexts: university history departments offer 通史 courses; major publishers release multi-volume 通史 series; and scholars may critique whether a particular work qualifies as a true 通史 based on its scope and methodology. It implies rigor, synthesis, and breadth — not just a list of events, but an interpretive framework connecting eras.