‘Jīngjù’ (Peking opera) is China’s most renowned traditional theatrical art form, originating in Beijing during the Qing dynasty. The character ‘京’ (jīng) means ‘capital’ and refers specifically to Beijing, while ‘剧’ (jù) means ‘drama’ or ‘opera’ — together, they literally mean ‘capital drama’. It combines stylized singing, spoken dialogue, acting, martial arts, and acrobatics, with highly symbolic costumes, makeup, and gestures.

Jīngjù is deeply rooted in Chinese history and culture, often drawing stories from classical literature, historical events, and folklore. Performers train for years to master its rigorous vocal techniques, precise movements, and distinctive facial makeup (‘liǎn pǔ’), which conveys character traits and moral alignment. Though it faces modern challenges, jīngjù remains a UNESCO-recognized Intangible Cultural Heritage and is taught in schools and performed nationwide as a cultural emblem of China.