'Gēng nián qī' literally means 'changing-year period' — 'gēng' (to change or renew), 'nián' (year), and 'qī' (period or stage). It refers to the natural biological transition in midlife when a woman’s menstrual cycles permanently cease, typically between ages 45 and 55. This phase marks the end of reproductive capability and involves hormonal shifts that may cause physical and emotional symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood swings, or fatigue.

In Chinese culture, gēng nián qī is widely discussed in health contexts but often carries subtle social connotations — sometimes associated with aging or loss of vitality, though modern discourse increasingly emphasizes wellness, self-care, and medical support during this life stage. It is used formally in clinical settings, health education, and everyday conversation among adults, especially women and their families. Unlike English 'menopause', which focuses narrowly on the final menstrual period, gēng nián qī commonly refers to the broader transitional period lasting several years before and after that event.